Real-Time RF-DNA Fingerprinting of ZigBee Devices Using a Software-Defined Radio with FPGA Processing

ZigBee networks are increasingly popular for use in medical, industrial, and other applications. Traditional security techniques for ZigBee networks are based on presenting and verifying device bit-level credentials (e.g. keys). While historically effective, ZigBee networks remain vulnerable to attack by any unauthorized rogue device that can obtain and present bit-level credentials for an authorized device. This research focused on utilizing a National Instruments (NI) X310 Software-Defined Radio (SDR) hosting an on-board Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The demonstrations included device discrimination assessments using like-model ZigBee AVR RZUSBstick devices and included generating RF fingerprints in real-time, as an extension to AFIT\u27s RF-DNA fingerprinting work. The goal was to develop a fingerprinting process that was both 1) effective at discriminating between like-model ZigBee devices and 2) efficient for implementation in FPGA hardware. As designed and implemented, the full-dimensional FPGA fingerprint generator only utilized approximately 7% of the X310 Kintex-7 FPGA resources. The full-dimensional fingerprinting performance of using only 7% of FPGA resources demonstrates the feasibility for real-time RF-DNA fingerprint generation and like-model ZigBee device discrimination using an SDR platform

Health and Safety Laboratory Reports

From Introduction: "In this report, a detailed description will be given of each of the ionization chambers used, including in each case a discussion of the methods of calibration and of techniques utilized in inferring dose readings.

Health and Safety Laboratory Report HASL-145

Report describing the use of a 5" x 3" NaI(Tl) detector and a high pressure ionization chamber to obtain gamma ray spectra and total gamma dose rates at approximately 100 locations during the course of several survey trips in the southeastern, central, and western United States. Reasonably precise elements of the dose rates are made using the pulse height spectra and relatively simple methods of analysis. Total terrestrial dose rates as well as the partial dose rates from the uranium-238 series, thorium-232 series, potassium-40, zirconium-niobium-95, and rhodium-106 are tabulated for each location

Health and Safety Laboratory Reports

From Introduction: "We discuss in detail the equipment, calibration procedures, and techniques used to analyze the spectra, present evidence to substantiate the validity of the dose rate estimates, and examine several problems associated with field measurements, in particular the effects of radon migration from the soil, soil moisture, and fallout.

Development of Bone and Cartilage in Tissue-Engineered Human Middle Phalanx Models

Human middle phalanges were tissue-engineered with midshaft scaffolds of poly(L-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone) [P(LA-CL)], hydroxyapatite-P(LA-CL), or β-tricalcium phosphate-P(LA-CL) and end plate scaffolds of bovine chondrocyte-seeded polyglycolic acid. Midshafts were either wrapped with bovine periosteum or left uncovered. Constructs implanted in nude mice for up to 20 weeks were examined for cartilage and bone development as well as gene expression and protein secretion, which are important in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and mineralization. Harvested 10- and 20-week constructs without periosteum maintained end plate cartilage but no growth plate formation. They also consisted of chondrocytes secreting type II collagen and proteoglycan, and they were composed of midshaft regions devoid of bone. In all periosteum-wrapped constructs at like times, end plate scaffolds held chondrocytes elaborating type II collagen and proteoglycan and cartilage growth plates resembling normal tissue. Chondrocyte gene expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, and bone sialoprotein varied depending on midshaft composition, presence of periosteum, and length of implantation time. Periosteum produced additional cells, ECM, and mineral formation within the different midshaft scaffolds. Periosteum thus induces midshaft development and mediates chondrocyte gene expression and growth plate formation in cartilage regions of phalanges. This work is important for understanding developmental principles of tissue-engineered phalanges and by extension those of normal growth plate cartilage and bone